On Monday, US President Donald Trump unveiled a 20-point peace proposal for Gaza aimed at ending the conflict between Israel and Hamas, requiring the return of all hostages, both living and deceased, within 72 hours of a ceasefire.
The plan leaves several aspects to negotiators and relies on acceptance by Hamas, who attacked Israel on October 7, 2023. It envisions a revitalized Gaza, dubbed “New Gaza.”
Here are the key components of the plan, developed through intense negotiations in recent weeks between Trump, his team, and Israeli and Arab leaders:
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If both parties accept the proposal, the war will cease immediately. Israeli forces will partly withdraw to facilitate hostage release, with all military operations paused and battle lines frozen until conditions for a “complete staged withdrawal” of Israeli forces are met.
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Within 72 hours of Israel’s public acceptance, all hostages, alive and dead, will be returned. After hostages are released, Israel will free 250 Palestinian prisoners serving life terms along with 1,700 Gazans detained since the conflict began on October 7, 2023. For each Israeli hostage’s remains returned, Israel will release the remains of 15 deceased Gazans.
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Upon the release of all hostages, Hamas members who commit to peaceful coexistence and disarmament will receive amnesty. Those wishing to leave Gaza will be assured safe passage to receiving countries.
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Upon agreement acceptance, full aid will be dispatched to Gaza, consistent with the levels specified in a January 19, 2025 accord, without interference from Israel or Hamas, facilitated by the UN and related agencies.
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A “deradicalised” Gaza will not threaten its neighbors and will be redeveloped for the benefit of its residents.
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The plan features a “Board of Peace” with international overseers led by Trump and including former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in an undefined role. Gaza will have temporary transitional governance by a “technocratic, apolitical” Palestinian and international expert committee, overseen by the Board of Peace, to manage redevelopment funding until major Palestinian Authority reforms occur.
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A Trump economic development plan for Gaza will be devised by a panel of experts experienced in creating modern Middle Eastern cities. A special economic zone with preferential tariff and access rates will be negotiated with participating nations.
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Under this plan, no one will be forced to leave Gaza, which has suffered significant war damage, and those wishing to leave can do so freely. “We will encourage people to stay and offer them the opportunity to build a better Gaza,” the plan states.
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Hamas and other factions will agree not to govern Gaza, directly or indirectly. All military infrastructure, including tunnels and weapon production facilities, will be dismantled. Independent monitors will oversee Gaza’s demilitarization.
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“New Gaza will prioritize building a prosperous economy and peaceful coexistence with neighbors,” the plan outlines.
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Regional partners will ensure Hamas and related factions comply with obligations, ensuring New Gaza poses no threat.
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The US will collaborate with Arab and international partners to establish a temporary International Stabilization Force for immediate deployment in Gaza.
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Israel will not occupy or annex Gaza. The Israeli Defense Forces will gradually transfer occupied Gaza territory to the International Stabilization Force.
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The plan provides little detail on a path to Palestinian statehood, stating that as Gaza redevelopment progresses and the Palestinian Authority reforms, “conditions may finally be ripe for a credible path to Palestinian self-determination and statehood, recognized as the Palestinian people’s aspiration.”
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The US will initiate dialogue between Israel and the Palestinians to agree on a “political horizon for peaceful and prosperous co-existence.”
